We present a theory of the state based on political leadership and reputational equilibria. A political leader first needs a reputation for reliably rewarding loyal supporters. Reputational expectations between political leaders and their supporters become the fundamental political laws on which the enforcement of all other constitutional laws may be based. Successful democratic development req...

Introduction California today is the setting of dramatic demographic change. Yet higher education in the state has not reflected that diversity. Stark socioeconomic and racial gaps exist in college enrollment and achievement. At the same time, a college degree has never been more critical to career success and to promoting a democratic society. California needs to ensure that the students, facu...

SUMMARY The current political and economic situation of Indonesia is characterised since 1999 by the transition from thirty years of autocratic leadership to a more democratic, pluralistic and open society. The reform process has already made remarkable progress in the field of human rights. The ongoing decentralisation process is a fundamental change to the political and institutional setup of...

The author would like to thank Keith LaFoe for his excellent assistance in the elaboration of the figures in this paper. 2 Introduction In recent years, numerous scholarly analysts have sought to determine the trajectory of the third democratic wave in Latin America. 1 The onset of the third wave in the region is widely dated as 1978, when civilian leadership was elected in the Dominican Republ...

THE early theories of teaching styles operative within the instructional setting, were based on a few classical studies describing the social climate of the classroom. The most frequently quoted research of Anderson (2) and Lippitt-White (18) tended to view teacher leadership in terms of polar roles—dominative and integrative, auth oritarian or democratic teaching styles. The term "climate" was...

A t first glance, the outcome of the 2008 presidential election would appear to be very difficult to predict. For the first time in over 50 years, there will be no incumbent president or vice president in the race. Instead, the Republican Party, which has seen its popularity and electoral fortunes plummet since 2004, is pinning its hopes of retaining control of the White House on Arizona Senato...

Health promotion researchers are increasingly conducting Community-Based Participatory Research in an effort to reduce health disparities. Despite efforts towards greater inclusion, research teams continue to regularly exclude diverse representation from data analysis efforts. The DEPICT model for collaborative qualitative analysis is a democratic approach to enhancing rigour through inclusion ...