BACKGROUND Most studies that have found an association between uncircumcised status and infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have compared participants from various demographic backgrounds, among which the prevalence of other risk factors might have varied. We report findings from a study conducted among men within a single ethnic community in which circumcision was dictat...

The number of local and traditional fruit cultivars in Andalusia (Southern Spain) has decreased dramatically since the 1970s when new commercial cultivars from breeding programs were introduced, replacing old varieties, and thus decreasing genetic diversity. The present study was included in a genetic resources project with the objective of identifying and preserving traditional fruit tree cult...

Abstract Why did some American Protestant denominations experience slavery-related schism during the nineteenth century, while others appear to have been unaffected by slavery conflict? I conduct a comparative case study of four national and find that was not consequence particular theological orientation, but instead occurred when denominational leaders lacked capacity repress abolitionism. In...

BACKGROUND Although childhood vaccination programmes have been very successful, there are some hard to reach minority groups that object to vaccination. The Netherlands has experienced several epidemics of vaccine-preventable diseases, confined to the orthodox Protestant minority. However, vaccination coverage in this minority is still unknown and this hampers prevention and control of epidemic...

M any economies, during the early stages of monetary development, experienced what appear to be sporadic relative shortfalls of small denomination means of payment. These episodes have been broadly documented in the literature under the label of “shortages of small change.” Sargent and Velde (2002), for example, review in great detail the evidence for Europe. Hanson (1979) provides an interesti...