We optimized a novel nonradioactive hybridization technique using a cis-platin coupled digoxigenin derivative for direct labeling of mRNA. This new mRNA reporter molecule was applied to cDNA membrane arrays to simultaneously identify expression of hundreds of genes. The sensitivity of this nonradioactive mRNA hybridization technique was comparable to radioactive cDNA labeling on house-keeping g...

Several studies have shown that the multidrug resistant protein MRP2 mediates the transport of chemotherapeutic drugs and normal cell metabolites, including Leukotriene C (LTC(4)); however direct binding of the LTC(4) to MRP2 has not been demonstrated. In this study, a photoreactive analog of LTC(4) (IAALTC(4)) was used to demonstrate its direct binding to MRP2. Our results show specific photoa...

background: chlorotoxin is a 36-amino acid peptide found in the venom of the leiurus quinquestriatus which blocks small-conductance chloride channels. chlorotoxin binds preferentially to glioma cells that allow development of new methods for the treatment and diagnosis of several types of cancer. thus chlorotoxin derivative was labeled with 131i for further investigation. materials and methods:...

PURPOSE To evaluate and optimize methods of target labeling and microarray hybridization using eye gene microarrays. Standardized protocols that consistently produce low background and high intensity hybridization with small amounts of starting RNA are needed to extract differentially expressed genes from a pool of thousands of unaltered genes. METHODS Two identical aliquots of RNA from P19 c...

Background For the purpose of understanding the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) concerns regarding online promotion of prescription drugs advertised directly to consumers, this study examines notices of violations (NOVs) and warning letters issued by the FDA to pharmaceutical manufacturers.   Methods The FDA’s warning letters and NOVs, which were issued to pharmaceutical companies over a...

High density oligonucleotide arrays have been used extensively for expression studies of eukaryotic organisms. We have designed a prokaryotic high density oligonucleotide array using the complete Escherichia coli genome sequence to monitor expression levels of all genes and intergenic regions in the genome. Because previously described methods for preparing labeled target nucleic acids are not ...

Abstract In this study, we investigate important decisional factors for the purchase intention of animal welfare labeled beef in Korea considering direct and indirect paths (trust attitudes). Using a structural equation model with 300 samples from consumer panel survey, find that perceived knowledge revealed information positively affect as supporting welfare. Our results also show subjective n...

The human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 has an usually high number of specific saturable receptor sites for the mitogenic polypeptide hormone epidermal growth factor (EGF). When A431 cells were treated with unlabeled EGF in the culture medium, approximately 50% of the EGF specific binding activity was lost within a few hours (receptor down regulation). A comparison of the surface proteins...