Much of human behavior is directed toward goals: fi nding food, selling services, curing cancer, making meaning. Achieving goals requires action. Action requires effort. Effort requires energy and attention applied over time. Effort overcomes obstacles. Obstacles tax our patience, sap our resolve, and cause us stress. English (as well as many other languages) includes many metaphors that frame ...

Teacher professional development, as a burgeoning term, has attracted a surge of interest in English language teaching. In second language (L2) professional development, the common orthodoxy has been one which considers teachers as that of knowledge consumers. It is commonly argued that top-down approaches to teachers’ professional development has done little to maximize teachers’ professionali...

introduction:regarding to the importance of spiritual intelligence and professionalism infaculty development, this study aimed to determine the level of spiritualintelligence, the level of professional development and leadership, and performanceof professional responsibilities as two components of professionalism, and therelationship between spiritual intelligence and professionalism.methods:th...

Nursing professional development (NPD) practitioners are integral to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP). Research was conducted to describe NPD practitioners' EBP beliefs and competencies, frequency of implementing EBP, and perceptions of organizational culture and readiness for EBP. Relationships among NPD practitioner characteristics and organization outcomes were explored. Findings i...

The National Core Competencies for Diabetes Educators were developed on behalf of the Australian Diabetes Educators Association between July 1994 and November 1995. This paper traces the development of the competencies including the rationale for undertaking the project, the process involved and the measures taken to ensure their relevance and validity. The limitations of applying the competenc...

Preparation for entry into the information professions has always been through a combination of academic study and practical training. Broadly speaking there is probably general agreement about the knowledge and understanding which the new entrant to the profession needs to acquire. There is less clarity regarding the skills which are required if s/he is to function effectively as an informatio...

The present study aimed at exploring Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of professional development. To this end, 200 EFL teachers teaching at private language institutes in Iran were selected as the participants of the study. First, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 50 participants of the study based on which Professional Development Perception Questionnaire was developed an...