Echinococcosis is one of the world's most geographically widespread parasitic zoonoses, with transmission occurring in tropical, temperate and arctic biomes. Most human infections are due to Echinococcus granulosus transmitted between domestic dogs and livestock, but this cosmopolitan species also cycles between wild carnivores (principally canids) and wild ungulates. The other species with sig...

AbsuudThe falllt aulysis is doae for the three phase sym••etric2I fa.at •• d die a~ halts.. TlIe unsymmetrical faults include siagie _ to grouod., tiBe to liDeaJIddoable tiae to grouad &lilt. llae metllod employed is bllS i_pedaatt matrix wIIidt bas certain advantages over tlleveaUa's equivaleat _dbocL The advautage of this approach over coaveatioeal metllod is to make the analysis of three typ...

Chagas disease is now an active disease in the urban centers of countries of nonendemicity and endemicity because of congenital and blood and/or organ transplantation transmissions and the reactivation of the chronic disease in smaller scale than vectorial transmission, reported as controlled in countries of endemicity. Oral transmission of Chagas disease has emerged in unpredictable situations...

Infectious diseases often spread faster near their peak than would be predicted given early data on transmission . Despite the commonality of this phenomena, there are no known general mechanisms able to cause an exponentially spreading disease to begin spreading faster. Indeed most features of real world social networks, e.g. clustering1,2 and community structure3, and of human behaviour, e.g....

Four cases of osteogenesis imperfecta along with clinical and laboratory studies were reported.  Autosomal dominant pattern of transmission was most pro - bable in the first case owing to the fact that all members of the family showed blue sebera,two third was affected with various fractures and one forth suffered with deafness.  Recessive abnormal trait probably due to new mutation was the c...

Newcastle disease (ND) is a major threat to poultry industry production throughout developing countries. The Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) infecting industrialized and indigenous poultry in Iran are velogenic strains and responsible for the frequent outbreaks of ND in poultry farms even in vaccinated flocks causing serious economic losses in the commercial and indigenous poultry. However, va...

Recently the optical transmission matrix (TM) has been shown to be useful in controlling the propagation of light in highly scattering media. In this paper, we present the vector transmission matrix (VTM) which, unlike the TM, captures both the intensity and polarization transmission property of the scattering medium. We present an experimental technique for measuring the absolute values of the...