Fault-tolerant Z rotations by π/2 are important as they arise in numerous quantum algorithms, most notably those involving quantum Fourier transforms. We describe surface code implementations of two recently described methods of efficiently constructing these rotations. One method uses state distillation to get low-error (|0〉 + e k |1〉)/ √ 2 states, with each distillation level requiring 2−1 in...

Thermally coupleddistillation systems (TCDS) havebeenproposed toperformdistillation separation tasks with the incentive of achieving lower energy consumption levels with respect to conventional distillation sequences. In particular, the presence of recycle streams for TCDS schemes has influenced the notion that control problemsmight be expected during the operation of those systemswith respect ...

Bioethanol is among the most promising of biofuels because it has an energy content similar to gasoline while generating lower pollutant emissions than gasoline. But, in order to be used as an automotive fuel mixed with gasoline, ethanol must have less than 0.5 wt % of water. To achieve required ethanol purity, in light of the fact that the ethanol water mixture forms an azeotrope, unconvention...

The heat-integrated distillation column to be addressed in this paper is a special distillation column that involves internal heat integration between the whole rectifying and the whole stripping sections. An overview of the research on this process is presented in this work. It covers from the thermodynamic development and evaluations to the practical design and operation investigations for th...

The genus Ocimum L. belonging to family of Lamiaceae is widely distributed in Iran, Ocimum sanctum L. is described in many medicinal properties and a wide therapeutic range. It is used specially in the management of cough, ashtma, fever and common cold. In this research, samples were collected from Shahr-e-Rey, on August 2013, then essential oils were extracted by  hydro-distillation and steam ...

Membrane distillation is a process that utilizes differences in vapor pressure to permeate water through a macro-porous membrane and reject other non-volatile constituents present in the influent water. This review considers the fundamental heat and mass transfer processes in membrane distillation, recent advances in membrane technology, module configurations, and the applications and economics...

Batch distillation in a column with a middle vessel can avoid many of the disadvantages associated with the regular batch distillation processes. In this paper we present an experimental investigation of the separation of a zeotropic ternary mixture via total reflux operation and of the separation of an azeotropic binary mixture via batchwise extractive distillation. Moreover, the results obtai...

for the gas stream in the distillation unit. Coagulation of the beer samples, especially when running a large number of samples, can arise in the distillation unit. Coagulation interferes with the smooth flow of sample through the distillation unit and gives erratic results. Coagulation was prevented by mixing the sample with a M potassium hydroxide solution (Figure 2) before pumping it into th...