Evolutionary genetics studies the patterns and mechanisms of genetic changes underlying evolutionary change. Because biological diversity at all levels (including population, species, and ecosystem diversity) has a genetic basis and is a result of evolution, evolutionary genetics provides insight into the ultimate mechanisms creating biodiversity. Evolutionary genetics utilizes empirical tools ...

Previous works have demonstrated that Laplacian embedding can well preserve the local intrinsic structure. However, it ignores the diversity and may impair the local topology of data. In this paper, we build an objective function to learn the local intrinsic structure that characterizes both the local similarity and diversity of data, and then combine it with global structure to build a scatter...

We describe a method for estimating species trees that relies on replicated subsampling of large data matrices. One application of this method is phylogeographic research, which has long depended on large datasets that sample intensively from the geographic range of the focal species; these datasets allow systematicists to identify cryptic diversity and understand how contemporary and historica...

In the last two decades, a large number of whole-genome phylogenies have been inferred to reconstruct the Tree of Life (ToL). Underlying data models range from gene or functionality content in species to phylogenetic gene family trees and multiple sequence alignments of concatenated protein sequences. Diversity in data models together with the use of different tree reconstruction techniques, di...

In the current paper, consider the fuzzy normed linear space $(X,N)$ which is defined by Bag and Samanta. First, we construct a new fuzzy topology on this space and show that these spaces are Hausdorff locally convex fuzzy topological vector space. Some necessary and sufficient conditions are established to illustrate that the presented fuzzy topology is equivalent to two previously studied fuz...

In this article, we present the concept of supra paracompact spaces and study its basic properties. We elucidate its relationship with supra compact spaces and prove that the property of being a supra paracompact space is weakly hereditary and topological properties. Also, we provide some examples to show some results concerning paracompactness on topology are invalid on supra topology. Finally...

in this paper‎, ‎we mainly investigate how the generalized metrizability properties of the remainders affect the metrizability of rectifiable spaces‎, ‎and how the character of the remainders affects the character‎ ‎and the size of a rectifiable space‎. ‎some results in [a. v‎. ‎arhangel'skii and j‎. ‎van mill‎, ‎on topological groups with a first-countable remainder‎, ‎topology proc. 42 (2013...

modeling and simulation of processing plants are widely used in industry. construction of a mathematical model for a plant is a time-consuming and error-prone task. in light of extensive advancements in computer science (both hardware and software), computers are becoming a necessary instrument in industrial activities. many software tools for modeling, simulation and optimization of processing...

For reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) of double layer grids, a two-stage optimization method is presented by applying “Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization” and “Ant Colony Optimization” (SIMP-ACO method). To achieve this aim, first, the structural stiffness is maximized using SIMP. Then, the characteristics of the obtained topology are used to enhance ACO through six modific...

Network processors exploit task and packet level parallelism to achieve high throughput. To date, this has resulted in a huge diversity of architectures for similar applications. One of the main differences among network processors is the inter-connection topology between processing elements. This topology significantly influences the achievable performance as well as the programmability of the...