The final quality and cost of a manufactured product are determined to a large extent by the engineering design of the product and its production process through activities of off-line quality control methods, namely, System Design, Parameter Design and Tolerance Design. However, in the context of most non-industrialized countries, the off-line quality activities of product design and system de...

Nowadays the air pollution and economical issues are the major driving forces in developing electric vehicles (EVs). In recent years EVs and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are the only alternatives for a clean, efficient and environmentally friendly urban transportation system (Jalalifar et al., 2007). The electric vehicle (EV) appears poised to make a successful entrance to the personal vehic...

Cereal Chem. 86(2):239–246 Test weight and groat proportion are two very important quality characteristics of oat grain. In this study, we pose the hypothesis that these two characteristics are related through characteristics of grain density. Test weight is defined as the product of kernel density and packing proportion. Groat proportion, in theory, is the ratio of the groat mass to the kernel...

in the past, medical device design always was performed with medical engineers, technicians and physicians in all design stages and the industrial design role was pale in this field. today the industrial design responsibilities in designing of these devices are considered increasingly. the industrial design role in medical device design was investigated in two fields. first are aesthetic and it...