Unexpected interruptions introduced during the execution phase of simple Tower of London problems incurred a time cost when the interrupted goal was retrieved, and this cost was exacerbated the longer the goal was suspended. Furthermore, time taken to retrieve goals was greater following a more complex interruption, indicating the processing limitations may be as important as time-based limitat...

[1] We determine the volcano climate sensitivity l and response time t for the Mount Pinatubo eruption, using observational measurements of the temperature anomalies of the lower troposphere, measurements of the long wave outgoing radiation, and the aerosol optical density. Using standard linear response theory we find l = 0.15 ± 0.06 K/(W/m), which implies a negative feedback of 1.4 (+0.7, 1.6...

The Giant Sequoia played several crucial roles in the founding of the modern science of tree -ring dating. These included at least two central theoretical constructs and at least two minor ones; however, historical studies of dendrochronology are actively continuing and this list is expected to expand. Second only to the importance of the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the earliest days of...

Srinivasan and Zhang (1993) describe behavioral evidence for two distinct movement detecting systems in bee: (1) A direction selective pathway with low frequency response characteristics serving the optomotor response and (2) A non-direction selective movement system with higher frequency response serving functions of obstacle avoidance and the ‘tunnel centering’ response where the animal seeks...

In our recent paper (Douglass et al. arXiv:1101.2075 (2011)), we claimed that both the group algebra of a finite Coxeter group W as well as the Orlik–Solomon algebra of W can be decomposed into a sum of induced one-dimensional representations of centralizers, one for each conjugacy class of elements of W , and gave a uniform proof of this claim for symmetric groups. In this note, we outline an ...

Masanori Ichise,1 Douglass C. Vines,1 Tami Gura,2 George M. Anderson,3 Stephen J. Suomi,4* J. Dee Higley,2* and Robert B. Innis1* 1Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, 2Laboratory of Clinical Studies–Primate Unit, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Poolesville, Maryland ...

Introduction Pulmonary metastases are the commonest sites of distant metastases in osteosarcoma. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy after primary surgical treatment of limb osteosarcoma is used widely in an attempt to eradicate micro-metastases, hopes of cure once clinically evident metastases are present are limited. However, long survivals have been reported following resection of pulmonary meta...

As a consequence of greenhouse forcing, all state-of-the-art general circulation models predict a positive temperature trend that is greater for the troposphere than the surface. This predicted positive trend increases in value with altitude until it reaches a maximum ratio with respect to the surface of as much as 1.5 to 2.0 at about 200-400 hPa. However, the temperature trends from several in...