background: salmonella is one of the major causes of human diseases related to food consumption. salmonella typhi and s. para-typhi are causes of typhoidal and para-typhoidal infections. some infected individuals recovering from this infection become temporary or permanent carriers, harboring the organisms in the gallbladder, biliary tract, or rarely in their intestines. the aims of this study ...

objective(s): many cancer cells show significant resistance to drugs that kill drug sensitive cancer cells and non-tumor cells and such resistance might be a consequence of the difference in metabolism. therefore, studying the metabolism of drug resistant cancer cells and comparison with drug sensitive and normal cell lines is the objective of this research. material and methods:metabolism of c...

objective(s): klebsiella infections are caused mainly by k. pneumoniae and k. oxytoca. in the last two decades, a new type of invasive klebsiella pneumoniae which contains mucoviscosity-associated gene (maga) has emerged. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of maga gene and to detect antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of klebsiella   spp. isolated from clinical samples.  ...

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is one of the most prevalent hematologic malignancies in children. although the cure rate of all has improved over the past decades, the most important reason for all treatment failure is multidrug resistance (mdr) phenomenon. the current study aims to explain the mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance of childhood all, and introduces atp-binding cassette...

abstract introduction: septicemia is an important and common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. several factors such as genetic, social, hygienic and nutritional factors are effective on the frequency of bacterial pathogens in neonatal septicemia, several studies have performed to determine common pathogens in the different parts of the world. objective: comparison of neonatal bacterial...

background cystic fibrosis (cf) is a genetic disease with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. cf caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene and characterized by impaired transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane. staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and burkholderia cepacia have been identified in the cultures of re...

background: enterococcus spp., belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria, are gram-positive ubiquitous commensals of the intestines of human beings as well as warm-blooded animals. the main objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of enterococcus spp. isolated from lettuce and irrigation water in abidjan, côte d'ivoire. methods: a total of 7...

background : republic of azerbaijan is considered as an area with high prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. uncontrolled travelling of azerbaijanis people to iran is the issue that needs to be considered as an important issue. methods : this study was conducted on 32 patients with tuberculosis from baku–nakhchivan and 48 patients from iran during 2012 to 2014. colonies of mycobacter...

conclusions: this study highlighted the need to establish antimicrobial resistance surveillance networks for p. aeruginosa to determine the appropriate empirical treatment regimens. the high prevalence of multidrug resistance and production of esbls in p. aeruginosa isolates confirms the necessity of protocols considering these issues in the hospitals. results: the resistance against broad-spect...