Performing a comprehensive nonbiased proteome analysis is an extraordinary challenge due to sample complexity and wide dynamic range, especially in eukaryotic tissues. Thus, prefractionation steps conducted prior to mass spectrometric analysis are critically important to reduce complex biological matrices and allow in-depth analysis. Here we demonstrated the use of OFFGel prefractionation to id...

We provide an American version of the Geometric Dynamic Programming Principle of Soner and Touzi [22] for stochastic target problems. This opens the doors to a wide range of applications, particularly in risk control in finance and insurance, in which a controlled stochastic process has to be maintained in a given set on a time interval [0, T ]. As an example of application, we show how it can ...

BACKGROUND Research into gene expression enables scientists to decipher the complex regulatory networks that control fundamental biological processes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a powerful and ubiquitous method for interrogation of gene expression. Accurate quantification is essential for correct interpretation of qPCR data. However, conventional relative and absolute quantification m...

Capillary fringes are highly dynamic and periodically changing zones at the interface between the water-saturated aquifer and the unsaturated zone. As a consequence, we observe steep gradients in terms of hydraulic state variables, biogeochemical conditions, and thus, biological activity (Berkowitz et al., 2004). With fluctuations of the groundwater table, this reactive zone moves dynamically a...

The formal development method of VSE (Veriication Support Environment) for state-based systems is based on a variant of TLA. VSE supports structured speciications, modular reenements, and also modular proofs. There are applications where one wants (or has) to consider an indeenite number of processes or even processes that are created and deleted dynamically. The general problem that arises in ...

Process management systems are used in many domains to monitor and control processes. Development processes require specific support, which is not provided by conventional workflow systems. On the one hand, they comprise highly dynamic process parts, which cannot be defined until project runtime. On the other hand, development processes may contain subprocesses, which can be executed in the for...

A schema-based theory of music perception that describes the dynamic interaction between the musical event and the listener's knowledge of the underlying regularities in tonal music is proposed. Three properties of musical schema are evaluated in a recognition memory experiment: (1) The schema engages a subset of the abstract knowledge system that is determined by the predominant key of the mus...

In a dynamic parametric process every subprocess may spawn arbitrarily many, identical child processes, that may communicate either over global variables, or over local variables that are shared with their parent. We show that reachability for dynamic parametric processes is decidable under mild assumptions. These assumptions are e.g. met if individual processes are realized by pushdown systems...