We have generated replication-competent (VSV-C/E1/E2) and nonpropagating (VSVDeltaG-C/E1/E2) vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contiguously expressing the structural proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV; core [C] and glycoproteins E1 and E2) and report on their immunogenicity in murine models. VSV-C/E1/E2 and VSVDeltaG-C/E1/E2 expressed high levels of HCV C, E1, and E2, which were authentically po...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether the anisotropy parameters are helpful in the detection and discrimination of breast cancers, and to determine its value in predicting the risk of cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 56 patients with 56 lesions (34 malignant, 22 benign) included in the study. DTI was performed in every patient and apparent diffusion coefficient (AD...

Replication of bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA absolutely requires the viral transcription factor E2 as well as the initiator E1, although E1 alone has all the activities expected of an initiator protein. E1 assembles on the DNA in a stepwise fashion and undergoes a transition in activities from site-specific DNA-binding protein to mobile helicase. Complex assembly is assisted by the viral tra...

and Applied Analysis 3 Conversely, if the pair of functions α and β satisfy the conditions 1 – 4 , then there exists a unique u ∈ E1 such that u λ α− λ , β λ for each λ ∈ 0, 1 , 9 . The fuzzy number u corresponding to the pair of functions α and β is defined by u : R → 0, 1 , u x sup{λ : α x ≤ λ ≤ β x }, 5 . A sequence u uk of fuzzy numbers is a function u from the set N, the set of all positiv...

The spikes of alphaviruses are composed of three copies of an E2-E1 heterodimer. The E1 protein possesses membrane fusion activity, and the E2 protein, or its precursor form, p62 (sometimes called PE2), controls this function. Both proteins are, together with the viral capsid protein, translated from a common C-p62-E1 coding unit. In an earlier study, we showed that the p62 protein of Semliki F...

Emergence of arboviruses could result from their ability to exploit new environments, for example a new host. This ability is facilitated by the high mutation rate occurring during viral genome replication. The last emergence of chikungunya in the Indian Ocean region corroborates this statement since a single viral mutation at the position 226 on the E1 glycoprotein (E1-A226V) was associated wi...

Each Sindbis virus (SINV) surface glycoprotein has two sites for N-linked glycosylation (E1 positions 139 and 245 [E1-139 and E1-245] and E2 positions 196 and 318 [E2-196 and E2-318]). Studies of SINV strain TE12 mutants with each site eliminated identified the locations of carbohydrates by cryo-electron microscopy (S. V. Pletnev et al., Cell 105:127-136, 2001). In the current study, the effect...

Ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 plays a pivotal role in ubiquitin based protein signaling through regulating the initiating step of the cascade. Previous studies demonstrated that E1 is inhibited by covalent modification of reactive cysteines contained within the ubiquitin-binding groove and by conditions that increase oxidative stress and deplete cellular antioxidants. In this study, we determi...

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic human hepatitis infections. Due to the high genetic diversity and high rates of mutations in the genetic material so far there is no approved vaccine against HCV. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to determination B and T cell conserved epitopes of E1 and E2 proteins from HCV and construction of a chimeric pepti...