The earthing system is very important to safe human’s lives and protect power from normal abnormal faults. High soil resistivity regions the main problem of installation systems in electric substations pass current through earth's surface. This paper has been overcome on high by penetrating conductive nanoparticles have extremely low grounding resistance. Moreover, it succeeded examine methodol...

In the last years the authors have developed a numerical formulation based on the Boundary Element Method for the analysis of grounding systems embedded in uniform soils. This approach has been implemented in a CAD system that currently allows to analyze real grounding grids in real-time in personal computers. The extension of this approach for the grounding analysis in layered soils is straigh...

This article focuses on the overall system engineering aspects of low voltage DC (LVDC) electricity distribution.. The interdependencies between different parts of an LVDC distribution system are discussed emphasising the issues related with the interconnection of user-end LVDC installations and public LVDC systems. The main objective is to illustrate the importance of the total system engineer...