They suggest that increased importance be attached to the pre-investment phase as a project will succeed, or fail, on the marketing, technical, financial and economic findings and their interpretation, particularly at this stage. The pre-investment phase comprises; ➤ Identification of investment opportunity ➤ Analysis of project alternatives ➤ Preliminary project selection ➤ Pre-feasibility and...

BACKGROUND Assessment and appraisal of new medical technologies require a balance between the interests of different stakeholders. Final decision should take into account the societal value of new therapies. OBJECTIVE This perspective paper discusses the socio-economic burden of disease as a specific reimbursement decision-making criterion and calls for the inclusion of it as a counterbalance...

The study is aimed at investigating the use of Performance appraisal (PA) in some manufacturing enterprises and private banks in Bangladesh. Some hypotheses were developed on individual and job based determinants of PA usage. Based on the data set on individual employees, these hypotheses were tested in order to explore the impact of PA on pay and career prospects. The result indicates that PA ...

INTRODUCTION Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often have multiple hospitalisations because of exacerbation. Evidence shows disease management programmes are one of the most cost-effective measures to prevent re-hospitalisation for COPD exacerbation, but lack implementation and economic appraisal in China. The aims of the proposed study are to determine whether a hospit...

Agroparks offer in theory a variety of economic advantages and environmental benefits. Since agropark projects are typically capital intensive and with high societal impact, appraisal from lenders and policy makers will play a key role in the realisation of the concept. In practice, however, project appraisal is hampered by the complexity of the concept and the multitude of risks. In this paper...

In the last decade there has been a growing and high pitched debate about the expansion of exclusionary and proprietary strategies (intellectual property rights and sui generis regimes, restrictive licensing etc.) for the appropriation of the value of knowledge and information resources. The main point of contention has centered on the justification for the adoption of these strategies and how ...

This paper compares UK and USA practices with regard to the frameworks and measures used in considering the wider economic impacts of transport investment (or other interventions), and considers what lessons each can draw from the other. Regarding the frameworks for appraisal, there has been growing debate in the US about the need to better distinguish local, regional and national perspectives ...

The value of the services provided by environmental quality improvement projects are subject to large margins of error. These services are not sold in markets and have no established prices, and often have to be valued through stated preference surveys (i.e. contingent valuation). These uncertainties are necessarily transmitted into uncertainties about the net present value (NPV) of environment...