the second law of thermodynamic (entropy principle) is of special theo-philosophical importance. it seems that this law, which is renowned as “the death of software design” and despite the order in the world, is like an incompatible universal. this article examines the concept of entropy in the three temperature, statistic, and information applications and addresses the contradiction of the sec...

In this paper we introduce the concept of entropy operator for continuous systems of finite topological entropy. It is shown that it generates the Kolmogorov entropy as a special case. If $phi$ is invertible then the entropy operator is bounded with the topological entropy of $phi$ as its norm.

In the framework of bilateral Gamma stock models we seek for adequate option pricing measures, which have an economic interpretation and allow numerical calculations of option prices. Our investigations encompass Esscher transforms, minimal entropy martingale measures, p-optimal martingale measures, bilateral Esscher transforms and the minimal martingale measure. We illustrate our theory by a n...

The title of this article suggests that property is subject to a fundamental law of entropy, namely that it is affected by a one-directional bias leading towards increasing fragmentation. The application of the laws of entropy to property further indicates that one can avoid this tendency only in the purely abstract world of zero transaction costs. Building upon this consideration, I consider t...

introductionpopulation data is easily accessible and shows the relationship between city size and other socio-economic factors in the city indirectly, so many geographers using this type of data to gain an understanding of the structure of the cities network and distribution of the people in the different levels of urban hierarchy. in fact, urban hierarchy is the best way of space organization ...

This paper, using Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT), argues that once energy resources are considered, an economy, like an ecology, requires continuous energy to be sustained in a homeostatic state away from the decayed state of its (local) thermodynamic equilibrium. AIT identifies how economic actions and natural laws create an ordered economy through what is seen as computations on a real ...

The oceans are a crucial source of natural resources for human development, as productive terrestrial resources increasingly reach their limits of economic and ecological exploitation. With increasing human impact on oceans, it is vital to maintain a sustainable human–ocean relationship. We present an indicator system and information entropy model to assess the evolution of human–ocean systems ...

Bipartite networks provide an insightful representation of many systems, ranging from mutualistic networks of species interactions to investment networks in finance. The analysis of their topological structures has revealed the ubiquitous presence of properties which seem to characterize many apparently different systems. Nestedness, for example, has been observed in plants-pollinator as well a...