We list two kinds of gradation of openness and we study in the sense of the followings: (i) We give the definition of IVGO of fuzzy sets and obtain some basic results. (ii) We give the definition of interval-valued gradation of clopeness and obtain some properties. (iii) We give the definition of a subspace of an interval-valued smooth topological space and obtain some properties. (iv) We inves...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate unusually high stiffness, strength and resilience, and are therefore an ideal reinforcing material for nanocomposites. However, much work has to be done before the potentials of CNT-based composites can be fully realized.  Evaluating the effective material properties of such nanoscale materials is a very difficult tasks.  Simulations using molecular dynamics ...

A finite element model based on the layerwise theory is developed for the analysis of transverse cracking in cross-ply laminated beams. The numerical model is developed using the layerwise theory of Reddy, and the von Kármán type nonlinear strain field is adopted to accommodate the moderately large rotations of the beam. The finite element beam model is verified by comparing the present numeric...

Noticing certain limitations of concept lattices in the fuzzy context, especially view their practical applications, this paper, we propose a more general approach based on what call graded preconcept lattices. We believe that is adequate for dealing with information then one consider two possible gradation methods lattice—an inner one, called D-gradation and an outer M-gradation, study propert...

Koskenniemi’s two-level morphology was the first practical general model in the history of computational linguistics for the analysis of morphologically complex languages. In this article we will reconsider one of the key innovations in Koskenniemi (1983), namely the treatment of consonant gradation in finite state transducers. We will look not at Finnish, but at two languages with a more exten...

Free vibration analysis is carried out on axially inhomogeneous beams resting Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation. The material properties of the beam like Young’s modulus, modulus rigidity and density are considered to be varying along length direction following constant, linear exponential models. subjected different combinations clamped simply supported boundary conditions. formulation base...

The paper presents an a priori procedure to control the element size and shape variation for meshing algorithms governed by anisotropic sizing specifications. The field of desired element size and shape is represented by a background structure. The procedure consists in replacing the initial field with a smoothed one that preserves anisotropic features and smaller element sizes. The smoothness ...