background: several environmental and psychosocial risk factors are known for adolescent smoking as the single cause of preventable diseases and premature death. this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, socio-demographic factors associated with cigarette smoking (age, education level, parents’ job, and family’s socioeconomic statues), and the role of fa...

background: venous diseases including varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency are one of the most important pathogenic factors worldwide. high prevalence of varicose veins and its complications is an emerging problem in the twenty-first century. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of varicose veins in female hairdressers in shahroud, north of iran in...

purpose: to determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (rop) and to evaluate the possible neonatal risk factors for rop among premature infants referred to farabi eye hospital during 2000-2002. methods: newborn infants with gestational age (ga) £ 37 wk or birth weight (bw) £ 2500 g were included. the first eye examination was performed 4-9 weeks after birth. data on possible risk fac...

background: the present study was designed to determine the risk factors that lead to bango abuse among secondary school student and drivers in assiut province. subjects and method: urine samples were taken from 1000 volunteers after filling a questionnaire, 500 students from different secondary schools and 500 drivers in assiut province. the risk factors that lead to bango abuse among drivers ...

The technique of laparoscopy was adapted and utilized in zoological medicine for various mammals, birds, and reptiles for reproductive and diagnostic studies as well as clinically related research. It was concluded that since anesthesia was routinely required for most manipulative procedures in zoo animals, and since laparoscopy adds little additional risk, the use of this technique provides an...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previously, risk factors for bile duct injury have been identified as acute cholecystitis, male gender, older age, aberrant biliary anatomy, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2006 was performed with an inclusion criterion of cholecystectomy performed on hospital day 0 or 1. Patient- and ...

Cirrhosis was previously a contraindication to laparoscopic surgery. The associated coagulation defects, portal hypertension and nutritional disorders were seen as risk factors for high morbidity and mortality. Open surgery in cirrhotic patients over the years have witnessed poor outcome. However, as experience with laparoscopic surgery continues to grow, several studies have described the use ...

Introduction: Laparoscopy as a modality for the diagnosis of pelvic pathology has been well-established in recent times. Besides aiding in diagnosis, it is an important tool for management in the same sitting preventing unnecessary laparotomy in many cases. Aim: The aim of the article was to know the common indications of performing diagnostic laparoscopy, intraoperative findings, and various i...

Objective: to determine the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing abdominal and thoracic surgery and investigate the risk factors for their occurrence. Methods: we conducted a prospective, observational and analytical study with all the patients undergoing thoracic and abdominal surgeries at the Santo Antônio Hospital in Blumenau, SC. We collected data from m...