A number of recent papers have argued that the mechanical energy budget of the ocean places constraints on how the thermohaline circulation is driven. These papers have been used to argue that climate models, which do not specifically account for the energy of mixing, potentially miss a very important feedback on climate change. This paper reexamines the question of what energetic arguments can...

This work proposes a method to assess the impact on reliability coming from expansion of primary distribution networks. The is estimated analytically, while failure rates sectors are determined based history network and by adjustment indices historical average values. described here was applied real feeder an energy company, allowing determination future not supplied assuming no takes place als...

In recent years, energy efficiency gains more and more attention in real-time embedded system for the incerasing application of embedded system. Many methods have been developed by means of the Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) which use the slack time to adjust supplied voltage so as to decrease the energy expense. Unfortunately, how to optimally adjust supplied voltage is a NP-complete problem. T...

We study the rectification of voltage fluctuations in a system consisting of two Coulomb-coupled quantum dots. The first quantum dot is connected to a reservoir where voltage fluctuations are supplied and the second one is attached to two separate leads via asymmetric and energy-dependent transport barriers. We observe a rectified output current through the second quantum dot depending quadrati...

The proposed paper presents the DC/AC microgrid modeling using the Energy storage units and photovoltaic (PV) panels. The modal consists of a two stage power conversion. The power is supplied to the both DC and AC loads by this PV solar panels. The suitable way to explore the PV generation model is by using manufacturer datasheet. A bidirectional converter is connected to the battery storage sy...

Distributed energy resources (DERs) including distributed generators (DGs) and controllable loads (CLs) are managed in the form of several microgrids (MGs) in active distributions networks (ADNs) to meet the demand locally. On the other hand, some loads of distribution networks (DNs) can be supplied by retailers which participate in wholesale energy markets. Therefore, there are several decisio...

BACKGROUND The composition of cosmetic tattoos might prove relevant to their treatment by high-powered lasers. OBJECTIVES To test the accuracy and completeness of information supplied by the tattoo ink manufacturers and to perform an elemental assay of tattoo pigments using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. DESIGN Samples of 30 tattoo inks were examined usi...