Even though there is a consensus among Muslim scholars that rebellion without valid grounds not acceptable, they have disagreed on the permissibility of against an unjust ruler. Abū Ḥanīfa has pivotal place in these debates, as he eponym law school first dedicated special chapter to (baghy) its legal texts. Interestingly, however, views attributed him topic are inconsistent: Some sources claim ...

Purely hydrodynamic numerical experiments into the evolution of astrophysical discs typically include some sort of viscosity in order to cause accretion. In this paper, we demonstrate an alternative method of implementing viscous forces, with extremely good angular momentum conservation properties. The method is based on altering the cell fluxes, rather than incorporating a viscous force. We te...

Is it possible to achieve non-repudiation during electronic contractsigning? How can this be achieved in an e-mail based environment? These are the questions we will try to answer. The process of getting these answers will involve a short introduction to some of the available contract-signing standards and an analysis of how well the given standard would work in a e-mail environment. Additional...

What is the capacity to care and why does it matter? How is it acquired? What are its origins in the early development of self and morality? Are women better at caring than men and, if so, is this likely to change with contemporary changes in parenting and gender relations? What would constitute a good enough family, as opposed to good enough mothering? How does the capacity to care inform the ...