tourism development in to geographical areas especially ecotourism, in addition to their economic, social and cultural consequences, will also leave great environmental impacts on geographical locations. if careful preventive and proactive measures in the form of strategy formulation, setting standards and ongoing specific assessments are not taken, destructive effects of ecotourism in an exten...

upstream oil and gas operations could have adverse impacts on the environment and society as well as the safety, security and health of people. therefore, as a pre-condition to commence any oil and gas project, there must be a comprehensive eshia report, prepared and submitted by contractor to doe, in which all necessary precautions and a concrete program are considered to avoid, control or red...

The present study was conducted to examine the development and validation of sustainable indicators related to aquaculture as a social-ecological system. By reviewing the literature, it was found about 148 indicators related to sustainable aquaculture in economic (market-oriented and responsive aquaculture, capability of risk assessment and crisis management, and financial management in aquacul...

Marginalization is one of the consequences of economic and social crises in Iran during recent years, which has caused many problems on the margin of large cities such as Tehran. Lack of living standards, as well as urban management supervision, have caused environmental problems to be one of the damages of these areas to its inhabitants and surrounding urban areas. Environmental degradations i...

On the mountainous slopes of tropical volcanic islands, steep topo-climatic gradients serve to compress distinctive ecosystems and local biodiversity into spatially restricted, vertically stratifi ed environmental zones. This physical heterogeneity also presents a diverse range of constraints and opportunities for human landscape use and transformation, leading, in the case of most Pacifi c hig...