Abstract Standard welfare comparisons between female-headed households (FHHs) and male-headed (MHHs) have largely ignored two confounding factors: marital status (affecting access to assets markets) heterogeneity in household demographics (with bearing on economies of scale consumption). Both influence are correlated with sex headship. As judged by the usual per capita measures, FHHs lower pove...

Until recently, Toxoplasma gondii was considered to be clonal with very little genetic variability. Recent studies indicate that T. gondii isolates from Brazil are genetically and biologically different from T. gondii isolates from USA and Europe. However, little is known of the genetics of T. gondii strains from Africa. In this study, we genotyped 19 T. gondii isolates from chickens from six A...

Historical knowledge and recent surveys attest that lions are declining across parts of Africa (1, 2). We applaud Bauer et al. (3) for assembling available counts because they motivate better monitoring and conservation support. Their own data, however, rejects their claims that lions are “declining everywhere, except in four southern countries” and that lions increase only where “intensively m...

Data on the endemicity of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in Africa and the Middle East are scant, but most of Africa appears to remain a high endemicity region, with the exception of subpopulations in some areas, e.g. White people in South Africa. Saudi Arabia is a model for the Middle East, and is a country in which shifting HAV epidemiology has been documented in recent years, concurrent w...

Abstract This paper investigates the role of climatic factors in migration decision. We use international flows between 198 origin countries and 16 OECD countries. focus on difference effect by region. Asia is an interesting region to study this relationship, because it most populated world affected one climate change. Temperature has a smaller towards compared Europe, Africa, North America. Fo...

We sought to assess the prevalence of methicillin-resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Africa. We included articles published in 2005 or later reporting for the prevalence of MRSA among S. aureus clinical isolates. Thirty-two studies were included. In Tunisia, the prevalence of MRSA increased from 16% to 41% between 2002-2007, while in Libya it was 31% in 2007. In South Africa, th...