this study investigated the relative effects of deductive and inductive form-focused instruction (ffi) on the acquisition of 4 non-generic definite article uses(cultural, situational, structural, and textual) as assessed by explicit and implicit outcome measures. the tests utilized to assess efl learners' acquisition of definite article uses were timed and untimed grammaticality judgment t...

Power-balanced instruction scheduling for Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) processors is an optimization problem which requires a good instruction-level power model for the target processor. Conventionally, these power models are deterministic. However, in reality, there will always be some degree of imprecision involved. For power critical applications, it is desirable to find an optimal sche...

this study investigated the effect of applying the dynamic system theory (dst) and cognitive linguistics (cl) insights into grammar instruction on efl learners’ learning of english prepositions and learner autonomy. sixty iranian efl learners at the lower-intermediate level of language proficiency were randomly assigned to 1 experimental and 1 control group. the 2 groups filled out an autonomy ...

Does providing reliable semantic information help second language learners acquire new words? Two experiments investigated whether adult learners of Chinese benefited from explicit instruction of semantic information when learning new characters. We manipulated whether semantic subcomponents were reliable cues to word meanings and whether the semantic information was taught explicitly or implic...

Seventeen graduate students in two classes worked on a web-based programmed instruction tutoring system as the first technical exercise in a Java programming course. The system taught a simple Java applet to display a text string in a browser window on the world wide web. Students completed tests of near transfer and far transfer before and after using the tutor and again after a lecture on the...

Based on qualitative analyses, recent research hypothesizes that the information structure of an explicitly declared grammatical rule is related to L2 learner's processing and accurate interpretation respective target Malovrh Lee (2022). The present study tests hypothesis by quantitatively analyzing a more robust data set. It examines Spanish learners' (N = 63) formulation explicit grammar rule...

this paper considers the automatic design of fuzzy rule-basedclassification systems based on labeled data. the classification performance andinterpretability are of major importance in these systems. in this paper, weutilize the distribution of training patterns in decision subspace of each fuzzyrule to improve its initially assigned certainty grade (i.e. rule weight). ourapproach uses a punish...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Systemic Theoretical Instruction (STI), grounded in Socio-cultural Theory and proposed by Gal’perin, on developing Iranian EFL learners’ knowledge of English tense-aspect system. To this end, two low-intermediate classes, including 24 and 21 language learners aged between 12-19, were taught the distinction between simple past and present perfect te...