The necessity of and means for distinguishing between a level of linguistic meaning and a domain of "factual knowledge" (or cognitive content) are argued for, supported by a survey of relevant operational criteria. The level of meaning is characterized as a safe base for computational applications, which allows for a set of inference rules accounting for the content (factual relations) of a giv...

Comprehensive knowledge-bases can be seen as not only rich sources of factual content – that is, answers – but also as rich sources of questions. In this paper we explore the potential of knowledge resources like the CIA World Fact book to serve as the generative basis of a series of creative educational puzzles.

Van Leeuwen (2014) claims religious credences are not factual beliefs. He holds that while factual beliefs alone (i) guide behavior in all relevant practical settings, (ii) support inferences between religious credences and (iii) are evidentially vulnerable; religious credences instead (a) have a perceived normative orientation, (b) are open to free elaboration and (c) are vulnerable to special...

In order to explain the distinct phenomenology of veridical and non-veridical percepts, Seth (2014) introduces the concept of counterfactual predictions to the Predictive Processing (PP) framework proposed by Clark (2013). The PP framework assumes that the brain generates predictions of its own sensory inputs based on generative models of the world that are learned over time. Seth (2014) propos...

To the Editor: The article on pre-hospital rapid sequence induction (RSI) in the September issue of the SAMJ [1] makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of RSI in this environment in South Africa (SA). However, there are some factual inaccuracies in the article regarding the educational background of those performing the procedure, which I would like to clarify. In SA, emergency care...

We extend symbolic model checking for Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) with factual change. Our transformers provide a compact representation of action models with preand postconditions, for both S5 and the general case. The method can be implemented using binary decision diagrams and we expect it to improve model checking performance. As an example we give a symbolic representation of the Sally-A...