the sangbast-shandiz fault zone, with a length of about 57 km, a width of moderately 2 km, and a nw-se direction, is located about 15 km in the west of mashhad city. that is one of the major faults in the binalud mountains. geomorphic evidences illustrate that the sangbast-shandiz fault zone has dextral strike- slip offsets with thrust activity. in this article, we investigated geomorphic featu...

Preventive maintenance in the transformer is performed through a differential relay protection system, and it protects from internal external faults. However, Current Transformer (CT) system mal-operates during inrush currents. CT saturates due to magnetizing currents causes false tripping of relays. Moreover, identification either current or faults needs be diagnosed. For above problem, contin...

D islocations are one of nature’s most elusive crystal defects. But new research from Daniel Hänschke at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, and colleagues [1] promises a way to unlock their secrets. The researchers combined several imaging techniques to provide a 3D view of a network of dislocations (Fig. 1) at an impressive level of detail and over an imaging volume that is orders...

an attempt has been made to explore the general trends in the seismic response of planasymmetric structures when subjected to near-fault and far-fault ground motions. systems with structural wall elements in both orthogonal directions considering actual and common nonlinear behavior under bi-directional excitation were studied. idealized single-storey models with uni-axial eccentricity were emp...

fault zones and fault-related fracture systems control the mechanical behaviors and fluid-flow properties of the earth’s crust. furthermore, nowadays, modeling is being increasingly used in order to understand the behavior of rock masses, and to determine their characteristics. in this work, fault zones and fracture patterns are reviewed, and also comprehensive studies are carried out on the fr...

a new fault tolerant controller (ftc) has been presented in this research by integrating a fault detection and diagnosis (fdd) mechanism in a nonlinear model predictive controller framework. the proposed fdd utilizes a multi-sensor data fusion (msdf) methodology to enhance its reliability and estimation accuracy. an augmented state-vector model is developed to incorporate the occurred sensor fa...

Current state-of-the-art in backside fault isolation and logic analysis utilizes solid immersion lens (SIL) imaging in the central configuration. An attractive advancement is the development and integration of an aplanatic SIL, which allows significant improvement in resolution, signal acquisition and isolation capabilities, especially for the 22 nm node and beyond. However, aplanatic SIL confi...

Mashhad city, the second most populous metropolis of Iran, with a population of more than three million, lies between two seismically active regions of Binalood and Kopet-Dagh. In recent years, the city has grown around the South Mashhad (SM) fault zone in the south. Given the vital role of the SM fault in influencing the seismic risk of the city, this study is aimed at the evaluation of the fa...