Microbiome studies have led to surprising discoveries, such as the role of the microbial flora in promoting or preventing obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic rhinosinusitis, skin diseases, and many other diseases [2-6]. The American Gut Project (americangut.org) has analyzed the fecal flora of over 3,000 volunteers. This project has revealed that a person’s diet, age, exercise level, a...

INTRODUCTION The normal flora can be divided into two groups Resident flora and Transient. Some organisms are almost always present in a normal oral cavity and constitute constant/normal microbial flora. It is further divided into two types: indigenous & supplemental. Comprise of those species that are almost always present in high numbers (> 1%) in a particular site, such as the supra gingival...

Antibiotic therapy can affect not only the pathogenic bacteria, but also commensal microorganisms in the gut flora of humans, which might serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. Escherichia coli can be found widely in nature, and can also be implicated in human infectious diseases. Therefore, fecal E. coli is often considered as a good indicator for selection pressure imposed by...

A 7-day course of either cephradine or amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment caused no significant change in fecal flora composition, except that staphylococci were virtually eliminated in both groups. Some amoxicillin-resistant coliforms were isolated after treatment in both groups, but cephradine- or amoxicillin-clavulanate-resistant coliforms were rarely isolated.

BACKGROUND The colonic bacterial flora, largely anaerobic, is believed to establish and stabilize in the first 2 y of life. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine whether the bacterial flora of the colon undergoes further changes (succession) during childhood and adolescence. DESIGN This cross-sectional study examined fecal samples from 130 healthy children and adolescents in the ...

Experimental infections were induced in weanling pigs orally both with nalidixic acid (NA)-sensitive and -resistant strains of Salmonella choleraesuis var. kunzendorf, designated RC221 and RC221NA, respectively. Prior to the time of infection, cultures of normal bacterial flora were isolated from swine fecal matter and screened for the presence of R factors. A majority of these bacterial isolat...

GOALS Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (RCDI) is an increasingly common clinical problem without ideal treatment options. Our aim was to evaluate our results using Fecal Flora Reconstitution (FFR), and promulgate our methodology to the GI community to foster its more widespread use in appropriate candidates. BACKGROUND FFR, sometimes termed "fecal transplantion" has been shown in num...