Sanctions restrict cross-border interactions and therefore, not only put political economic pressure on the target country, but also adversely affect sender country. This paper examines effect of financial sanctions country imposing them. We analyze business responses German non-financial entities to imposition 23 countries over period from 1999 through 2014. Examining highly disaggregated, mon...

The present paper delineates an explanatory framework for the defining factors of incentives, both financial and nonfinancial, through theory human economic action that personality traits, which shape goals and, ultimately, social identity. It is ascertained three types variables affect incentives: basic conditions (cultural change, etc.), values needs (tradition, external values, etc.) dynamis...

abstract financial and electronic debts are one of the important issues in iran's financial scope that are considered by economists due to their role in creating financial instabilities. therefore, a model was represented in this survey to evaluate and rank financial and electronic debts in iran including foreign debts, governmental debts, non-governmental debts and banking debts during th...

The role of nonprofit organizations has been acknowledged. They are the providers services that government cannot handle alone. Accountability is an obligation to conduct and account for company's performance. Information disclosure one mechanisms used be accountable their stakeholders, which financial non-financial information. This study explored importance information in NPOs Internet as med...

equitable distribution of income and economic growth are challenges for policy-makers. therefore, it is important to investigate the influencing factors of it. given that financial development is an important factor affecting on income inequality, in this study, the effect of financial development on the gini coefficient as income inequality index is examined with using panel data methods durin...

considering significant influence of financial crisis on the economy as a whole, policymakers spend remarkable resources on supervision and methods to ensure about sustainable financial system . a non-performing loan, or npl, is a loan that is in default or close to being in default. many loans become non-performing after being in default for 90 days, but this can depend on the contract termsan...