Assessing entity (e.g., person) risk from entity-related events requires appropriate techniques to address the relevance of events (individually and/or in aggregate) relative to a prevailing temporal frame of reference—for continuous risk monitoring, a running time point representing “the present.” We describe two classes of temporal relevance techniques we have used towards insider threat dete...

The nation's critical infrastructures, such as those found in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and industrial control systems (ICS), are increasingly at risk and vulnerable to internal and external threats. Security best practices on these systems come at a very opportune time. Further, the value of risk assessment of these systems is something that cannot just be relegated as i...

We investigate the relation between the transparency of financial statements and the distribution of stock returns. Using earnings management as a measure of opacity, we find that opacity is associated with higher R-squares, indicating less revelation of firm-specific information. Moreover, opaque firms are more prone to stock price crashes, consistent with the prediction of the Jin-Myers (2006...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide an overview of biosimilar policies in 10 EU MSs. Methods: Ten EU MS pharmaceutical markets (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK) were selected. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify supply-side and demand-side policies in place in the selected countries. Results: Supply-side policies for ...

Two general approaches may be followed for the development of a fire risk model: statistical models based on observed fire losses can support simple cost-benefit studies but are usually not detailed enough for engineering decision-making. Engineering models, on the other hand, require many assumptions that may result in a biased risk assessment. In two related papers we show how engineering and...

In this article, we derive an audit risk formula for a simple situation. This formula closely resembles the SAS 47 model when we assume that no material misstatement due to fraud exists. A simple case illustrates how the risk of material misstatement due to management fraud impacts audit risk and how performing special audit procedures to detect such irregularities can decrease overall audit ri...

As outsourcing is becoming mandate for today’s business, there has been a variety of researches taking place. This paper discusses on managing operational risks in an organization where one or more business processes are being outsourced. We first review on changing nature of operational risks not only in outsourced process itself, but also among any other interrelated processes. Then a concept...

The aims of the present study are developing a financial stability index (FSI) using banking indices to measure financial stability in Iran, and examining the relationship between financial stability and macroeconomic variables for policymaking. To these ends, we have employed principal-component analysis, out of sample forecasting, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method, and V...