The terrorist events of 2001 brought to light the need for a close working relationship between the first responder communities and the public health laboratories in New York State (NYS). Since 2002, the Wadsworth Center's Biodefense Laboratory (BDL) has been providing outreach training to first responders in New York, to enable them to respond safely, correctly, and confidently to biothreat ev...

We present a combined solution to the frame and ramification problems that is independent of the underlying time structure. Indirect effects are expressed through ramification rules that are compiled into first-order effect axioms. To cope with the notorious problem of self-justifying cycles, we use techniques known from translations of normal logic programs to logical theories: cyclic fluent d...

abstract reduction of post harvest losses in cut flowers and increasing their vase life, with consideration to high expenses of production is very necessary. one of the effective factors is presence of flowers near each other. this study was performed to investigate the interaction of some important cut flowers on their post harvest characteristics in vase solution (in combination or alone) in ...

In this paper, we present a new computational method to solve Volterra integral equations of the first kind based on Bernstein polynomials. In this method, using operational matrices turn the integral equation into a system of equations. The computed operational matrices are exact and new. The comparisons show this method is acceptable. Moreover, the stability of the proposed method is studied.

‎‎‎In this paper‎, ‎we develop multi-step methods to solve a class of two-dimensional nonlinear Volterra integral equations (2D-NVIEs) of the first kind‎. ‎Here‎, ‎we convert a 2D-NVIE of the first kind to a one-dimensional linear VIE of the first kind and then we solve the resulted equation numerically by multi-step methods‎. ‎We also verify convergence and error analysis of the method‎. ‎At t...

This paper presents a comparison between variational iteration method (VIM) and modfied variational iteration method (MVIM) for approximate solution a system of Volterra integral equation of the first kind. We convert a system of Volterra integral equations to a system of Volterra integro-di®erential equations that use VIM and MVIM to approximate solution of this system and hence obtain an appr...

In this research, a numerical method by piecewise approximated method for solving fuzzy differential equations is introduced. In this method, the solution by piecewise fuzzy polynomial is present. The base of this method is using fuzzy Taylor expansion on initial value of fuzzy differential equations. The existence, uniqueness and convergence of the approximate solution are investigated. To sho...

‎In this work‎, ‎we consider the nonlinear first-order evolution‎ ‎equations‎: ‎$u_t=f(x,t,u,u_x,u_{xx})$ for $0 ‎to initial condition $u(x,0)=g(x)$‎, ‎where $u$ is a function of‎ ‎$x$ and $t$ and $f$ is a known analytic function‎. ‎The purpose of‎ ‎this paper is to introduce the method of RBF to existing method‎ ‎in solving nonlinear first-ord...