This paper introduces a force-directed layout method for creating origin-destination flow maps. Design principles derived from manual cartography and automated graph drawing to increase readability of flow maps and graph layouts are taken into account. The origin-destination flow maps produced with our algorithm show flows with quadratic Bézier curves that reduce flow-on-flow and flow-on-node o...

High frequency oscillatory ventilation takes advantage of unique principles of gas flow when respiratory frequencies exceed 3 Hz (180 breaths per minute). These gas flow principles enable the alveolar gas turnover at volumes below or equal to physiologic deadspace. One of these principles is call asymmetrical velocity profile. As Froese and Bryan described in their “State of the Art” article on...

I N T R O D U C T I O N It has long been suspected that the branching angles of blood arteries in the cardiovascular system are based on well-defined physiological principles. The cardiovascular system being basically a fluid-conducting system, these physiological principles are generally sought in the context of fluid dynamics. Several principles have so far been examined (Murray, 1926 b; Kami...

In this paper, experimentally derived correlations of heat transfer and pressure drop are used in a Pareto based Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) approach to find the best possible combinations of heat transfer and pressure drop of TiO2-water nanofluid flow in tubes fitted with multiple twisted tape inserts in different arrangement. In this study there are four independent design variables: t...

There is a pressing need for continuous purification of products of synthesis conducted in continuous-flow microreactors. An existing technique, micro free-flow electrophoresis (microFFE), could fulfill this niche if its resolving power for similar molecules was improved. MicroFFE continuously separates ions in the hydrodynamic flow by an electric field orthogonal to the flow. Here, we prove th...

the main objective in this paper is creating a method for one-dimensional modeling of multi stage axial flow turbine. the calculation used in this technique is based on common thermodynamics and aerodynamics principles in a mean stream line analyses. in this approach, loss models have to be used to determine the entropy increase across each section in the turbine stage. finally, the analysis an...