We examine the role of gender in legal decision making by applying critical mass theory to the U.S. federal district courts. We analyze whether behavioral differences manifest themselves in the decision-making proclivities of male and female judges, contingent on the existence of a critical mass of female judges at a court point (i.e., each city in which a district court is located). Our result...

Despite growing male participation in ending violence against women, little is known about the factors that precipitate men's engagement as antiviolence "allies." This study presents findings from a qualitative analysis of interviews with 27 men who recently initiated involvement in an organization or event dedicated to ending sexual or domestic violence. Findings suggest that men's engagement ...

The coexistence of the government sector, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and private sector provides a natural setting to examine the impact of economic reform in Vietnam on gender earning differentials. The three sectors reflect different degrees of influence of the Socialist ideology, with the private sector most liberalised. Have women fared better during the transition into a market econom...

There is an urgent need to create new ways for abused women to find justice. Despite significant accomplishments over the past 35 years, community activists know well that justice for abused women remains elusive. The National Violence Against Women Survey indicates that only one-quarter of physical assaults in the U.S. are reported to the police. The authors of this major study suggest that ma...

Fatal Fluctuations? Cyclicality in Infant Mortality in India This paper investigates the impact of macroeconomic shocks on infant mortality in India and investigates likely mechanisms. A recent OECD-dominated literature shows that mortality at most ages is pro-cyclical but similar analyses for poorer countries are scarce, and both income risk and mortality risk are greater in poor countries. Th...

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) refers to newborns whose birth weight is less than the 10th percentile for gestational age. The aim of this study was to provide a comparative assessment of ultrasound placental findings in SGA and normal-weight fetuses in singleton pregnant women. Materials and Methods In...

In spring 2008 the author, a professor teaching game design at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), offered a lecture on the game design process and video game industry to a local Girl Scouts of America (GSA) troop to help them meet the requirements for the “Games for Life Interest Project.” (GFL) In fall 2009, RIT faculty and students offered their first full-day GFL workshop, designed...

This paper provides an initial analysis of major patterns and trends in entrepreneurship among technology-based university alumni since the 1930s. We describe findings from two linked datasets joining MIT alumni with MIT founder information. The rate of forming new companies by MIT alumni has grown dramatically over seven decades. Women alumni have in more recent decades become entrepreneurs at...

Physical injuries among battered women represent risks for both acute and long-term physical health functioning. The current study assessed the nature and extent of minor and severe injuries among a help-seeking sample of battered women. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to assess the unique roles of physical violence, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, and stalking to the pred...