Abstract Despite the extensive literature on relationship between entrepreneurship and institutions, there is limited knowledge of institutions engagement after failure. This study compares entrepreneurial entrepreneurs who have recently experienced failure individuals without experience, emphasizing interaction government policies programmes (formal institutions) individualistic/collectivist c...

OBJECTIVES Assessing the degree of involvement and participation in thoracic surgical research as well as surgical quality improvement conducted across Canadian institutions is difficult as no common data collection system and no prior studies exist. As a pilot investigation, we designed and conducted a membership survey of the Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons (CATS) to evaluate the ex...

We study the emergence of norms of cooperation in experimental economies populated by strangers interacting indefinitely. Can these economies achieve full efficiency even without formal enforcement institutions? Which institutions for monitoring and enforcement facilitate cooperation? Finally, what classes of strategies do subjects employ? We find that, first, cooperation can be sustained even ...

In a polarized political setting, public policy evolves in response to pressures on and from institutions. These institutions include broad social structures, formal organizations (such as regulatory agencies), and support systems (like civil service). This study uses water and sanitation policies in Bolivia to illustrate how institutional reform at all three levels lacked legitimacy in the eye...

Uganda is internationally recognised for its extensive legal and constitutional provisions for ensuring the rights of the disabled, in addition to the presence of a number of impairment-specific disabled persons’ organisations (DPOs), which provide informal advocacy and support structures. Using a unique dataset from a sample of 579 physically disabled Ugandans collected by the authors in June ...

Formal specification practice involve specifications which are finite. We study the concept of finiteness for specifications within the general framework of the so-called π-institutions, which constitute an abstract categorical proof oriented formalization of the informal concept of logical system. In this paper we argue that finite specifications can be captured abstractly by the concept of fi...

BACKGROUND Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have become increasingly popular, and the methodology to develop guidelines has evolved enormously. However, little attention has been given to the updating process, in contrast to the appraisal of the available literature. We conducted an international survey to identify current practices in CPG updating and explored the need to standardize and im...

The theory of the optimal allocation of risk and the Townsend Thai panel data on financial transactions are used to assess the impact of the major formal and informal financial institutions of an emerging market economy. We link financial institution assessment to the actual impact on clients, rather than ratios and non-performing loans. We derive both consumption and investment equations from ...

Developments in e-government are resulting in fundamental reorganizations of the ways in which democratic governments operate as well as in the ways in which citizens relate to their own and other governments and to each other. Of special relevance here are the manners in which institutions and citizens are becoming interconnected into a complex ‘web of governance’ via largely uncoordinated inf...