Zingiber zerumbet (Z. zerumbet) is recognized for decades its usability as spice and condiment in food flavoring well having high medicinal properties. Up to date, there are limited literature on evaluation of the effects multiple variables details especially pilot-scale subcritical water extraction (SWE) Z. zerumbet. The aim this study implement fractional factorial design with five which temp...

Nanotechnology is forging era-defining breakthroughs across science and engineering. In particular, one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires, nanotubes and nanobelts are widely regarded as critical building blocks for creating the next generation of devices in electronics, optics, energy and biomedicine. Motivated by a practical problem of sequential synthesis of nanowires, we propose a...

The present paper introduces an efficient and time-saving approach for the evaluation of the consequences of structural uncertainties on sound perception. Its aim is to validate the use of fractional factorial designs for perceptual assessment of a model system. A test bench was used, which allowed to accurately control the variability of several structural design parameters. Sounds emitted by ...

Performance of computer-based systems may depend on many different factors, internal and external. In order to design a system to have the desired performance or to validate that the system has the required performance, the effect of the influencing factors must be known. Common methods give no or little guidance on how to vary the factors during prototyping or validation. Varying the factors i...

In k 2 experimental design, the classical fractional factorial designs, the Plackett-Burman designs and the Taguchi orthogonal-array designs all require, with few exceptions, n 2 test conditions, for some k n ≤ . Tsao and Wibowo (2005) pointed out that when only m of the k 2 effects/interactions are non-zero, only m test conditions are required for their estimation. Given the identities of m pr...

Because of complex interactions among the components of PCR and the wide and increasing variety of applications in which this technique is used, optimization is necessary for every reaction. Here we describe the use of experimental design techniques (2k fractional factorial design and central composite design) to attain easier, quicker and cheaper PCR optimization of DNA from blood spots. By de...

OBJECTIVES Reassortment of influenza A viruses can give rise to viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) with elevated polymerase activity and the previous three pandemic influenza viruses contained reassorted vRNPs of different origins. These suggest that reassorted vRNP may be one of the factors leading to a pandemic virus. In this study, we reconstituted chimeric vRNPs with three different viral str...