background: naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist shifts the immune response toward a th1 profile. in the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of the mixture of ntx and alum, as a new adjuvant, to enhance immune response and induce protection against leishmania major in a mouse model. methods : balb/c mice were immunized three times either autoclaved l. major promastigotes’ antigens alo...

Background Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNP-A2) belongs to a heterogenous family of nuclear proteins, importantly involved in mRNA traffi cking, translational and transcriptional processes. Recent evidence let suggest that hnRNPs post-transcriptionally modulate expression of infl ammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β...

In order to prepare pure enzyme before gene cloning the proteins were separated by fast protein liquid chromatography and used to prepare monoclonal antibodies to papaya proteinase A and B. Crude spray-dried latex from Powell and Scholefield was dialysed against 1,3-diaminopropane and the enzyme isolated by the method of Goodenough & Owen (1986) using 6 mM-diaminopropane as buffer and a gradien...

an adjuvant is a substance that is added to a vaccine to increase the body's immune response to the vaccine. vaccines containing adjuvants are tested for safety in clinical trials before they are licensed for used. the basic action of adjuvants is stimulating adaptive immune responses. adjuvants, recently licensed for human utlization, involve alum squalane oil or water emulsion, influenza viro...

Coumarin is a constituent of many plants. It has found use in industry mainly due to its strong fragrant odour. Coumarin has been used in the treatment of a range of ailments such as cancer, burns, brucellosis and rheumatic disease [l]. The most commonly used quantitative method for coumarin analysis in biological samples is high per formance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, this method r...

Survival from colorectal cancer has not improved over the last four decades despite advances in surgery and anaesthesia. The answer to the question whether adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy will improve survival from the disease can only come from randomised, controlled trails. In the future, immunotherapy and gene therapy may be of benefit but these are still many years from the clinical ...

the field of vaccinology provides excellent promises to control different infectious and non-infectious diseases. genetic immunization as a new tool in this area by using naked dna has been shown to induce humoral as well as cellular immune responses with high efficiency. this demonstrates the enormous potential of this strategy for vaccination purposes. dna vaccines have been widely used to de...

results cloning and subcloning of the flic gene were confirmed by colony pcr, restriction enzymes digestion and dna sequencing of the recombinant plasmids pprime-flic and pvax-flic. the expression of flagellin protein in eukaryotic cells was approved by immunofluorescence assay (ifa), western blotting analysis and the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method. conclusions t...

introduction: immune system is involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of inflammation and vitamins are important sources of substances inducing nonspecific immunomodulatory effects. given the proinflammatory role of cytokines in the inflammation and pain induction, this study aimed to assess the effects of long-term administration of vitamin b1 on the proinflammatory cytokines, edema, and...