In the process of implementing marine reserves, policy makers typically are occupied with (1) choosing the spatial configuration of areas to protect and (2) addressing the concerns of fishermen regarding the effects of proposed reserves on fishery yield. The spatial configuration is typically set by choosing the habitat, species, and ecosystems to protect, assuming that the associated species w...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an official basketball game and its result on serum testosterone and cortisol responses as well as a possible difference in these hormones between fixed and reserved players. for this purpose, two teams were purposefully selected from semi-final games of tehran first clubs. the blood samples of 22 female players (mean age: 20 years, ...

Assessments of the conservation and fisheries effects of marine reserves typically focus on single reserves where sampling occurs over narrow spatiotemporal scales. A strategy for broadening the collection and interpretation of data is collaborative fisheries research (CFR). Here we report results of a CFR program formed in part to test whether reserves at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, USA...

Body reserves of numerous taxa follow seasonal rhythms that are a function of temporal patterns in food availability and life-history events; however, tests of the theory underlying the allocation of somatic reserves for long-lived organisms are rare, especially for free-ranging mammals. We evaluated the hypothesis that allocation of somatic reserves to survival (i.e., metabolic processes) and ...

Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves, which was US$5.4 billion in 1999, rose to an overwhelming level of US$51.3 billion at end-2007 and further to US$53.0 billion in 2008, but owing to the crash in the international price of crude oil in 2008 and the aftermath of the global financial crisis, the reserve declined to US$42.4 billion in 2009. In trying to determine the optimum level, the paper ado...

Reserves estimations in natural gas markets are fundamental for decision making of private and public agents. When markets are mature, market signals such as demand growth, costs, and price expectations activate exploration and new reserves are continually added to the proven reserves base. We can describe the process of discovering new reserves in a market with a simple dynamic hypothesis in w...

Increasing the density of natural reserves in the forest landscape may provide conservation benefits for biodiversity within and beyond reserve borders. We used 2 French data sets on saproxylic beetles and landscape cover of forest reserves (LCFR) to test this hypothesis: national standardized data derived from 252 assessment plots in managed and reserve stands in 9 lowland and 5 highland fores...

The effect of sugar feeding on egg-batch size in Aedes aegypti was examined in a way that would distinguish between the roles of a recent sugar meal (full vs. empty crop) and of repeated sugar feeding and digestion (high vs. low energy reserves). Egg numbers of females representing the four combinations of these characteristics (full crop/high reserves, full crop/low reserves, empty crop/high r...

www.frontiersinecology.org © The Ecological Society of America T number of marine reserves is growing worldwide (Wood et al. 2008), so it is prudent to consider how to assess whether such reserves achieve their goals. The stated goals of marine reserves vary widely, but fundamentally all reserves are designed to achieve some combination of preserving biodiversity and supporting sustainable fish...