A central problem in designing effective models of provider governance in health systems has been to ensure an appropriate balance between the concerns of public sector and/or government decision-makers, on the one hand, and of non-governmental health services actors in civil society and private life, on the other. In tax-funded European health systems up to the 1980s, the state and other publi...

Objective:Privatization is considered as one of the most important components of new public management with its pros and cons. However, privatization has been accepted and implemented as a policy in the whole political and economic system of Iran, but the barriers and dysfunctions of privatization policy implementation has reduced its effectiveness and efficiency in solving the problems of the ...

The aim of the present research is to identify difficulties applying technology enhanced reality in teaching history from standpoint teachers subject. A 20-paragraph survey measuring most significant has been built. researcher applied identification a sample professors at faculties education and literature Iraqi governmental non-governmental universities, including 58 teachers. adopted scoping ...

Abstract Fertility rates have been declining in most high-income countries. Singapore is at the forefront of developing pronatalist policies to increase birth rates. This study examines perceptions towards among men and women compares which are perceived as important contributors conduciveness for childbearing. Using data from Perceptions Marriage Parenthood Package ( N = 2000), results dominan...

Background & aim: Knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers have an important role in the success of fertility-related programs. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude of midwives and family healthcare providers working in community health centers of Mashhad, Iran, regarding childbearing in 2015. Methods: This cross-sectional study was condu...

the purpose of the study is to show in which trimester of pregnancy is fatigue more common among working women, and whether or not there is any relationship between fatigue rate and educational level, income, etc. this is a longitudinal study. from the total number of patients who came to zeinab university hospital, 100 completed a demographics 50 item questionnaire and the numerical rating sca...

BACKGROUND Citizens of high income countries rely on highly regulated medicines markets. However low income countries' impoverished populations generally struggle for access to essential medicines through out-of-pocket purchase on poorly regulated markets; results include ill health, drug resistance and further impoverishment. While the role of health facilities owned by non-governmental organi...

user financial incentives (ufis) have emerged as a powerful tool for health promotion. strong evidence suggests that large enough incentives paid to individuals, conditional on behaviour they can control, encourages more of the desired behaviour. however, such interventions can have unintended consequences for non-targeted behaviours. implementation difficulties that result in individuals not u...

this study was designed by the goal of investigating the attitudes toward childbearing, with an emphasis on lifestyle factors among pre- marriage women referring to health care networks have been conducted in tehran. for the purpose of research, survey and questionnaires were used. according to the statistical society ,384 women were selected as sample in tehran. the theoretical framework of th...

Almost 50 years after domestic US family planning programs began, their effects on childbearing remain controversial. Using the county-level roll-out of these programs from 1964 to 1973, this paper reevaluates their shorter and longer term effects on US fertility rates. I find that the introduction of family planning is associated with significant and persistent reductions in fertility driven b...