the use of heavy machinery in forestry operations such as logging has increased worldwide during the last decades. however, these machines may seriously influence the soil ecosystem as they induce rutting, disturbing the upper soil layers, and soil compaction. severe compaction of soil adversely affects the growth of plants.this study was done by using a penetration resistance experiment in a g...

Micro piles are small diameter pile (less than 300mm). generally used when there difficult ground conditions, such as natural or man-made obstructions, sensitive with adjacent structures, limited access/low headroom. drilled and grouted friction piles. Each includes steel elements that bonded into the bearing soil rock – usually cement grout. The stratum is logged during installation drilling t...

This paper investigates the effect of micropile installation into saturated sandy soil by means of finite element method. The obtained results from numerical modeling are compared with the received data from the site. The validation of software has been done by simulating standard penetration test. The effect of some changes in spacing (3m, 1.6m and 0.8m) and injection pressure (1cm, 2.5cm, 5cm...

In this study, grouted couplers were used to connect steel bars as an alternative approach the conventional bar lapping method. The aim is avoid congestion problems and reduce required quantity of in order achieve development length practice. Two categories couplers, i.e., short-threaded grout coupler long coupler, nine groups well one group deformed bars, tested under uniaxial tension. total, ...

A new dimensionless relationship for analysis of ballistic penetration data is derived and applied to polycrystalline ceramic materials. Targets consist of ceramic tiles backed by thick metallic plates within which residual penetration depths have been reported in experimental studies. Particular ceramics analyzed here are lowand high-purity alumina, aluminum nitride, boron carbide, silicon car...

An ultrasonic planar horn with a Bézier profile is developed. The first longitudinal displacement mode of the horn is exploited for high displacement amplification in order to reduce the penetration force required to enter and cut materials. The displacement amplification and stress distribution characteristics of the Bézier horn and the commonly used catenary horn are examined. The penetration...

We present a new method to measure the triplet exciton diffusion length in organic semiconductors. N,N'-di-[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPD) has been used as a model system. Triplet excitons are injected into a thin film of NPD by a phosphorescent thin film, which is optically excited and forms a sharp interface with the NPD layer. The penetration profile of the tri...