OBJECTIVE -We examined associations of cardiovascular, metabolic, and body composition measures with exercise capacity using baseline data from 5145 overweight and/or obese (BMI > 25.0) men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who were randomized participants for the Look AHEAD clinical trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Peak exercise capacity expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs) and est...

In cool conditions, physiologic markers accurately predict endurance performance, but it is unclear whether thermal strain and perceived thermal strain modify the strength of these relationships. This study examined the relationships between traditional determinants of endurance performance and time to complete a 5-km time trial in the heat. Seventeen club runners completed graded exercise test...

The purpose of this study was to introduce a new maximal step test (NMST) with adjusted step height based on the knee joint angle of 90°. Thirty female students of physical education With (Mean ± SD, ages: 23.6±2.11 yr, height: 164.63±7.14cm, weight: 60.97±4.01 kg, body fat percent: 23.6±2.11) participated in the study and performed both NMST and a maximal graded excise test (GXT) to measure ma...

Despite the growing popularity of energy drinks, many do not realize the negative effects on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of energy drink ingestion on estimated VO2max, heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, respectively), rate pressure product (RPP), and RPE at rest and during exercise. Seven healthy adults (age: 24.3 ± 3.5 y...

As shown by Witten the N = 1 supersymmetric gauged WZW model based on a group G has an extended N = 2 supersymmetry if the gauged subgroup H is so chosen that G/H is Kähler. We extend Witten’s result and prove that the N = 1 supersymmetric gauged WZW models over G×U(1) are actually invariant under N = 4 superconformal transformations if the gauged subgroup H is such that G/(H × SU(2)) is a quat...

We measured blood lactate, protein carbonyls (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) before and immediately after exercise (graded exercise treadmill test [GXT], Wingate cycle sprint, barbell squat, and barbell bench press) in active men. Data were analyzed using a 4 (exercise mode) x 2 (time) ANOVA with Tukey post hoc testing, and pairwise correlations were made. An interaction was noted for lactate (...

Dietary acid load, quantified as the potential renal acid load (PRAL) of the diet, affects systemic pH and acid-base regulation. In a previous cross-sectional study, we reported that a low dietary PRAL (i.e. alkaline promoting diet) is associated with higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER) values during maximal exercise. The purpose of the present study was to confirm the previous findings wit...

Background: Although maximal sprint speed (MSS) and the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) provides valuable information about the speed profile of athletes, these parameters fall short of providing important information about sub-maximal metabolic thresholds. The only field test that can offer an estimate of a sub-maximal metabolic threshold is the 3-minute all-out test for running (3MT) which deli...