background: except in emergency cases, all patients should be seen first by a primary healthcare physician who decides whether a referral to secondary care is necessary. the present study examined the reasons for patient self-referral to specialists. methods: a random sample of 1036 individuals was selected from people attending public outpatient clinics and specialists’ offices in the private ...

background: occupational exposure to cotton dust, fibers, metal fumes and different chemicals used in the apparel manufacturing industries cause a wide range of physical and psychological health problems in the garment workers that may also affect their immune function. objective: to assess the immune system function in garment workers. methods: a total of 45 workers of a garment factory, and 4...

this paper describes an optimal design for multivariable pi controller with a high gain structure for an irregular system by genetic algorithm. pi controllers with a high gain structure leads to the asymptotic decomposition of the fast and slow modes in the closed loop system that have unique characteristics. the slow modes are asymptotically uncontrollable and unobservable; therefore, they hav...

in the present study, a new modelling technique was developed for the modelling and analysis of hyperchaotic systems using an expert system based on wavelet decompositions and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (anfis). the success and superior properties of this new expert system were shown by applying the hyperchaotic chen system which is a hyperchaotic system. the obtained expert s...

background and objective: the circle of willis (cow) supports adequate blood supply to the brain. the cardiovascular system, in the current study, is modeled using an equivalent electronic system focusing on the cow. method: in our previous study we used 42 compartments to model whole car- diovascular system. in the current study, nevertheless, we extended our model by using 63 compartments to ...

introduction: studies have indicated a global high prevalence of hospital malnutrition on admission and during hospitalization. clinical nutritional risk screen (cnrs) is a way to identify malnutrition and manage nutritional interventions. several traditional and non-computer based tools have been suggested for screening nutritional risk levels. the present study was an attempt to employ a comp...