tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic drug extensively metabolized in animal species. its clinicalresponse is mainly due to the m1 metabolite, poorly produced in dogs. grapefruit-juice can inhibit themetabolism of different drugs in animals and humans. the aim of the present study was to evaluate thepharmacokinetics of tramadol and its major metabolites after co-administration of tramadol an...

Abstract Atmospheric nonthermal plasma (ANTP) is used for various biological applications including seed quality improvements in crop production. However, the underlying mechanisms of plasma-induced action are not fully explained and operating large-scale ANTP on seeds highly challenging. Two ANTPs, streamer corona (SCP) dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, were to enhance rice vigor thro...

In the current study, the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on toxicokinetics of methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolite amphetamine (AP) were investigated. A single dose of MA hydrochloride at 15 mg/Kg was given intragastrically, either alone (MA group; n = 8) or in conjunction with 3 g/Kg EtOH (MA+EtOH group; n = 8) to rabbits. In placebo group, normal saline only was given (placebo group; n = 4). Pl...

the pharmacokinetics of cefpirome after a single intravenous injection of 10 mg.kg -1 was studied in febrile cross-bred calves. e. coli endotoxin was administered intravenously to induce fever in calves. blood samples were collected at different time intervals and cefpirome levels were estimated by using microbiological assay technique. based on the plasma drug levels, the pharmacokinetic param...

Treatment of F9 teratocarcinoma cells with all transretinoic acid previously has been shown to induce differentiation to parietal endoderm and to enhance the responsiveness of these cells to the addition of cyclic AMP. Evidence is presented that retinoic acid treatment of F9 cells causes an increase in both cytosolicand plasma membrane-associated cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activities. ...

BACKGROUND Injuries penetrating synovial structures are common in equine practice and often result in septic synovitis. Significantly increased plasma levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) have been found in various infectious conditions in horses including wounds and septic arthritis. Plasma SAA levels were found to decrease rapidly once the infectious stimulus was eliminated. The purpose of the cur...

The effect on intestinal macromolecular absorption capacity and immunoglobulin G (IgG) transfer of feeding sow colostrum at different intervals and in different quantities to newborn pigs was studied. An amount of 15 ml/kg body weight (BW) colostrum was fed at 3 (treatment 3–15), 6 (treatment 6–15) or 12 (treatment 12–15) h intervals, respectively, starting 0–4 h after birth for 24 h; or 30 ml/...

The effects of growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) on the teleost somatotropic axis are poorly understood, particularly with respect to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). To assess the endocrine and orexigenic responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to GHS treatment, animals were injected with human GHRH(1-29)-amide, KP-102 or rat ghrelin at 0, ...

Fibrinogen synthesis in the intact rat was perturbed by treatment with cycloheximide. Specific radioactivities of fibrinogen in plasma and liver both decreased at 2 h after treatment and increased over 2-fold by 18 h. Labelled-antibody--polyribosome binding experiments showed that more polyribosomes were engaged in fibrinogen synthesis at 18 h after treatment. Radioactivity of plasma fibrinogen...