Herbicides have been extensively used in agriculture but people have not concerned about its adverse effects on plants and animals. The aim of the present study is to analyze the detrimental effects of two herbicides in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Variety: VL-7). The root tips were treated with four concentrations viz. 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm of glyphosate and atrazine at room temperature for...

Plants and microbes contain a largely unexploited storehouse of phytotoxins that might be used directly or as structural indicators for new synthetic herbicides. Several factors have increased the interest of the herbicide industry in this source of natural products as herbicides. Natural compounds have made a large impact in the area of insecticides, whereas relatively minor successes have bee...

The application of herbicides to agricultural soil is a well established and effective practice to control weed growth. Another areas of herbicide application are roads and railways where herbicides are used to mantain the quality of the track and a safe working environment for railway personnel (Torstenson, 2001). Some of total herbicides are used in urban areas, or as algicides in paints and ...

Crops that have been genetically modified (GM) to be tolerant to herbicides have been widely grown in the USA since 1996. The rapid and widespread adoption of this technology reflects the important economic and environmental benefits that farmers have derived from its use (equal to $21.7 billion additional farm income and a 225 million kg reduction in herbicide active ingredient use 1996-2012)....

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) alleles carrying one point mutation that confers resistance to herbicides have been identified in arable grass weed populations where resistance has evolved under the selective pressure of herbicides. In an effort to determine whether herbicide resistance evolves from newly arisen mutations or from standing genetic variation in weed populations, we used herbarium...

Kinetic studies of pesticides in soil are of great importance to know the processes and parameters that govern their fate in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH on the kinetic sorption process of four acidic herbicides, clopyralid, fluroxypyr, picloram and triclopyr on an Andisol, characterized by its high organic matter content and acidic pH. The pseudo-s...

this study was carried out in 2008 and 2012 in rice research institute of iran (rasht) in order to study the response of barnyardgrass and rice to oxadiargyl (oxa), butachlor (buta) and thiobencarb (tb) herbicides. treatments included herbicide doses in six levels up to three times the recommended rate, and time of application in two levels before transplanting (bt), and after transplanting (at...

Among chlorosis-inducing herbicides that interfere with carotenoid synthesis two groups o f different potency can be discriminated (group 1; aminotriazole amd haloxidine; group 2 with more extensive photodestructions: pyridazinone herbicides and difunon). After application of herbicides o f group 2 colored carotenoids were completely absent and preexisting chlorophyll was degraded by photochemi...

Custom applicators intensively apply herbicides to corn and soybean fields each spring. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the exposure distributions of the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester (2,4-D EH), and metolachlor among a group of applicators during the spring pre-emergent spray season. A secondary objective was to evaluate determinants of exposur...

Various indicators of pesticide environmental risk have been proposed, and one of the most widely known and used is the environmental impact quotient (EIQ). The EIQ has been criticized by others in the past, but it continues to be used regularly in the weed science literature. The EIQ is typically considered an improvement over simply comparing the amount of herbicides applied by weight. Herbic...