We explore the characteristics of actively accreting MBHs within dwarf galaxies in \textsc{Romulus25} cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. examine MBH occupation fraction, x-ray active fractions, and AGN scaling relations stellar mass $10^{8} < M_{\rm star} 10^{10} M_\odot$ out to redshift $z=2$. In local universe, fraction is consistent with observed constraints, dropping below unity at $M_{\...

Galaxy mergers occur frequently in the early Universe1 and bring multiple supermassive black holes (SMBHs) into nucleus, where they may eventually coalesce. Identifying post-merger-scale (that is, less than around a few kpc) dual SMBHs is critical pathway to understanding their dynamical evolution successive mergers2. Whereas serendipitous discovery of ~kpc-scale at z < 1 possible3, such system...

We propose a spiking network model capable of performing both approximate inference and learning for any hidden Markov model. The lower layer sensory neurons detect noisy measurements of hidden world states. The higher layer neurons with recurrent connections infer a posterior distribution over world states from spike trains generated by sensory neurons. We show how such a neuronal network with...