According to the report published by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) in 2000, Ramsar city in northern Iran, has some inhabited areas with the highest known natural background radiation levels in the world (1). The annual radiation absorbed dose in high background radiation areas (HBRAs) of Ramsar is extraordinary high, reaching 260 mSv that i...

  Today, nuclear medicine has rapidly been developed so that in some cases, plays a unique role in diagnosis but unfortunalty in spite of diagnostic and therapeutic advantages, the term “NUCLEAR” can induce worries in patients and society. In this article, base on new documents, we intend to show that this worries has no scientific basis. To produce a realistic view, ...

The recent developments in studies of TeV radiation from blazars are highlighted and the implications of these results for derivation of cosmologically important information about the cosmic infrared background radiation are discussed.

  Ionizing radiation has long been known to produce detrimental biological effects. Although these harmful effects are the results of high doses of exposure, some other maladies such as mutation and cancer seems  to be induced at low doses of exposure. In recent decades, however, some pioneer scientists have indicated that ionizing radiation like many other essential agents has toxic effects  ...

Three areas of activity in the field of low-level radiation epidemiology have been reviewed. They concern the questions of cancer risk related to antenatal X-ray exposure, occupational radiation exposure, and residence in areas of real or supposed increased levels of radiation. Despite the a priori unlikelihood of useful information developing from studies in any of these areas, such investigat...

I review the nature of the diffuse cosmic ultraviolet background radiation. The ultraviolet background is the last frontier: all the other diffuse backgrounds have been examined, at least at some level. The ultraviolet background has only begun to be explored; it offers rich promise of new astrophysical knowledge.

all living organisms are exposed to ionizing radiation comprising cosmic rays coming from outer space, terrestrial nuclides occurring in the earth’s crust, building materials, air, water and foods and in the human body itself. the exposures are constant and uniform for all individuals everywhere including the dose from ingestion of 40k in food. cosmic rays are, more intense at higher altitudes,...

Ramsar, a northern coastal city of Iran, overlooking the Caspian Sea, has some high level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs) as well as over 50 hot springs with low and high radium contents used as spas by the public and vacationers. The average whole body dose received by population in these areas is about 5 times higher than the normal background radiation level. Studies on the long-term effect...