abstract:   introduction: due to the importance of influenza type a (h1n1) as an epidemic disease as well as the type of educational method applied, this study investigated the effects of educational workshop method on students' influenza type a (h1n1)-related knowledge.   methods: in this quasi-experimental study 67 undergraduate students in school of health, isfahan university of medical scie...

background and aims: influenza a virus of orthomyxoviridae family is able to create pandemic influenza. vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection. matrix protein 2 (m2) is a homotetramer ion channel with 97 amino acids length and highly conserved among influenza viruses and is considered for development of a universal influenza vaccine. materials and methods: we...

although migratory waterfowl is well known to be a major reservoir for avian influenza virus (aiv), there are only few recently published reports about the seroprevalence of aiv in this group of birds. to investigate the aiv antibody status in migratory waterfowl of iran, we collected 217 serum samples from 25 different species of waterfowl during 2003 and 2004. these serum samples were tested ...

avian influenza is an important disease of poultry with the potential to cause major epidemics resulting in significant economic losses. the presence of avian influenza viruses (aiv) in chickens in iran has not been previously reported. an avian influenza outbreak in broiler, layer and breeder farms occurred during a very hot summer in july 1998. three aiv isolates designated as 101, 102 and 10...

Influenza is a highly contagious zoonotic disease in the world. Avian H9N2 influenza virus is a significant pandemic pathogen widely distributed throughout the world. Pet ownership has been documented as a risk factor for infection transmission to human. Considering major public health concern, the prevalence of antibodies against avian H9N2 influenza virus was evaluated in 170 serum samples of...

background and objectives: virosomes are virus like particles (vlp) assembled in-vitro. influenza virosomes maintain the cell binding and membrane fusion activity of the wild type virus but are devoid of viral genetic material or internal proteins. influenza virosomes mimic the natural antigen presentation route of the influenza virus. materials and methods: virosomes were prepared by membrane ...

background: influenza a viruses bearing all known ha and na subtypes have been isolated from avian hosts: but only the a/h1n1,a/h2n2 and a/h3n2 influenza subtypes have been associated with widespread epidemics in humans un­til now .while influenza b detected only in humans. subtype h5 infection in humans occurred for the first time dur­ing 1997-1998 in hong kong, then china in 2003, vietnam and...

background: influenza viruses are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. the influenza virus pandemics, 1918, 1977, and especially the most recent one, a/h1n1/2009, made evident the need for generating recombinant influenza h1n1 antigens which are essential to develop both basic and applied research programs. among influenza virus proteins, haemagglutinin (ha) is a major surface antige...