the housing sector can be considered both the exchange of intermediate goods and the investment goods for the manufacturing sectors. the housing sector is the buyer of intermediate goods such as brick, cement, iron etc from one side, and uses the investment goods such as crane etc from other side. furthermore, it uses the labour force. thus, the housing sector has three types of buying which in...

Observability is a fundamental structural property of any dynamic system and describes the possibility reconstructing state that characterizes from fusing observations its inputs outputs. Despite effort made to study this introduce analytical criteria capable verifying whether or not satisfies property, there no general criterion obtain observability when dynamics are also driven by unknown inp...

In this brief, we propose a novel method based on the Taylor expansion for estimation of input delay class input-affine dynamical systems. The proposed guarantees asymptotic convergence error to zero. An application continuous stirred tank reactor system shows effectiveness method.