insurance play very important role on economic growth and development of the country.  it's stability depends on their customer's satisfaction. this paper wants to answer this question that which strategies in insurance industry is customer oriented and what kind of structure we need to attain this in this research not only present approaches used but also studies and experiences in i...

Smallholder farming systems in Papua New Guinea are characterised by an integrated set of cash cropping and subsistence food cropping activities. In the Highlands provinces, the subsistence food crop sub-system is dominated by sweet potato production. Coffee dominates the cash cropping sub-system, but a limited number of food crops are also grown for cash sale. The dynamics between sub-systems ...

This paper lays out a framework for the analysis of the risk transfer role of speculators on futures markets and the impact of their trading on the production decisions of firms. We show that when speculators diversify their portfolios over a large number of markets, the equilibrium risk premium converges to an asymptotic premium, the behaviour of which is determined by the stochastic dependenc...

I document the time-varying investment efficiency of conglomerates compared with single-segment firms. find that, during recessions, have higher Q-sensitivity than do stand-alone firms, in contrast to relationship expansion periods. also that conglomerates, benefits from internal capital markets, exhibit increased dependence on recessionary periods, while firms significantly increase cash reten...