When distributed clients query or update shared data, eventual consistency can provide better availability than strong consistency models. However, programming and implementing such systems can be difficult unless we establish a reasonable consistency model, i.e. some minimal guarantees that programmers can understand and systems can provide effectively. To this end, we propose a novel consiste...

Recent results have used game theory to explore the nature of optimal investments in the security of simple series and parallel systems. However, it is clearly important in practice to extend these simple security models to more complicated system structures with both parallel and series subsystems (and, eventually, to more general networked systems). The purpose of this paper is to begin to ad...

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating public investments in railway infrastructure based on the theory of real options, using binomial model combined with dynamic programming procedures and Monte Carlo simulation. modelling was proposed order to overcome inefficiencies evaluation process projects conducted by Brazilian agencies, as pointed out World Bank studies. According these stud...

Abstract This paper accounts for spatial effects by benchmarking farms against their k ‐nearest neighbours (KNN) and measuring inefficiency in a non‐parametric dynamic by‐production setting. The optimal number of which are compared corresponds to the value that maximises Moran I test autocorrelation good bad output farms' two sub‐technologies. scores output, variable inputs, investments outputs...