Electrolyte disorders due to tubular disorders are rare, and knowledge about validated clinical diagnostic tools such as tubular function tests is sparse. Reference values for tubular function tests are based on studies with small sample size in young healthy volunteers. Patients with tubular disorders, however, frequently are older and can have a compromised renal function. We therefore evalua...

purpose: to evaluate the prevalence of clinical and subclinical thyroid disorders using thyroid function tests in patients with single and multiple chalazia. methods: a complete ophthalmologic examination and thyroid function tests including thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) were performed in 60 patients with single chalazia and 50 patients with multipl...

This is a descriptive case report of a 30-year-old man with massive epistaxis, echymosis on arms, abnormal CBC and increased plasma urea and creatinine level (i.e. above normal range). Probably, these are as side effects of interferon beta-1a injection. This is the first report according to our literature search (Pub Med, Google scholar, ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, MD consult, Science Direc...

the liver is a multifactorial organ which is involved in a number of critical excretory, synthetic and metabolic functions. although the term 'liver function test' is commonly used, it is imprecise since many of the tests, such as transaminase, do not measure liver function. therefore, these tests should be referred to as 'liver enzyme tests', and 'liver function tests' should be the term used ...

Introduction: Renal dynamic study is a well-established and popular test in routine practice of nuclear medicine. The test is non-invasive, rapid and unique in evaluation of the kidney function. In despite of its clinical values, the parameters derived from renogram are physiologically meaningless. That is due to the fact that renogram is not the true kidney function. From mathematical po...

The study of toxicities which are caused by free radical inducing chemicals (e.g., carbon tetrachloride), helps to determine the mode of action of those important drugs which act by inhibiting free radicals. Evaluation of toxicities induced by carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbitone administration was carried out in seventy healthy male rabbits. Each animal received CCI4 0.25-0.5 mL/kg bod...