A bstract We construct field theories in 2 + 1 dimensions with multiple conformal symmetries acting on only one of the spatial directions. These can be considered a extension to “subsystem scale invariances”, borrowing language often used for fractons.

one of the important subjects of comparative literature_ in french school_ is studying common contents between literature of different languages and separating literati’s initiatives and borrowing from other authors in the same or another language by them. with this aspect. using analytic – comparative metod, this study compares poems of abu tayyib al-muttanabbi_ as one of the most impressive a...

Like biological species, languages change over time. As noted by Darwin, there are many parallels between language evolution and biological evolution. Insights into these parallels have also undergone change in the past 150 years. Just like genes, words change over time, and language evolution can be likened to genome evolution accordingly, but what kind of evolution? There are fundamental diff...

IS IT STILL WORTH RESEARCHING GREEK AND LATIN LOANWORDS IN OLD POLISH? (AND HOW SHOULD WE DO IT?) The paper focuses on Greek and Latin loanwords in Old Polish language. It attempts to show what has already been done still needs be this important issue. Three main aspects are discussed: (1) definitions of the terms loanword, Latinism, Hellenism, problem direct indirect borrowing; (2) current sta...

Most postcolonial African writers choose English as the language of their literary works for the reason of wider audience reception but come to indigenize it to decolonize the colonial tool, i.e. colonial language. The translinguistic process of relexification means subverting colonial cultural imperialism and colonial linguistic imposition through the dialogic interaction opened in the w...

According to the neogrammarians and de Saussure, all linguistic change is either sound change, analogy, or borrowing.1 Meillet (1912) identified a class of changes that don’t fit into any of these three categories. Like analogical changes, they are endogenous innovations directly affecting morphology and syntax, but unlike analogical changes, they are not based on any pre-existing patterns in t...

Building on previous works (e.g. Kubozono 2006, and Kang 2010), this article attempts to establish a taxonomy for loanword prosody, referring specifically to the patterns of stress, tone, or pitch-accent that are found in loanwords. Toward a taxonomy, we consider the following factors: (i) whether the pronunciation of the word in the source language influences the assignment of prosody in the b...