Bilingual language production requires that speakers recruit inhibitory control (IC) to optimally balance the activation of more than one linguistic system when they produce speech. Moreover, the amount of IC necessary to maintain an optimal balance is likely to vary across individuals as a function of second language (L2) proficiency and inhibitory capacity, as well as the demands of a particu...

Considering that the pronunciation of second language speech is usually influenced by the mother tongue, we previously proposed using a reduced phoneme set for second language when the mother tongue of speakers is known. However, the proficiency of second language speakers varies widely, as does the influence of mother tongue on their pronunciation. Consequently, the optimal phoneme set is depe...

This article discusses different considerations about the concept of deixis. According to world linguists, deixis category is one categories pragmalinguistics. Deixis plays a particularly important role in language. function linguistic unit expressed as meaning, or through lexical and grammatical means. The relation context speech situation indicates its relevance pragmatics. includes component...

ideas too. Just watch teachers and students in a math classroom. Professors Martha Alibali and Mitchell Nathan have. They study how and why teachers and students use gestures to communicate mathematical concepts. From their perspective, mathematical knowledge doesn’t just reside in the mind. It’s embodied. Why is it important to know that mathematical knowledge is embodied? Nathan and Alibali s...

In order to facilitate efficient creation of instructional content for high proficiency language learning systems, we investigate the use of utterance templates through an intuitive authoring tool. Evaluation in the context of authoring mini-dialogs shows that the tool can help authors can achieve higher coverage of the target language.

PURPOSE To examine how age of immersion and proficiency in a 2nd language influence speech movement variability and speaking rate in both a 1st language and a 2nd language. METHOD A group of 21 Bengali-English bilingual speakers participated. Lip and jaw movements were recorded. For all 21 speakers, lip movement variability was assessed based on productions of Bengali (L1; 1st language) and E...