A challenge for cognitive neuroscience is to determine how the prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributes to the cognitive control operations that oversee thought and action. We studied the effects of damage to the lateral PFC in two types of attentional control. Subjects performed a choice reaction time task that required attention switching and processing selection. The performance of individuals wi...

This paper outlines a numerical scheme for accurate, detailed, and high-throughput image analysis of plant roots. In contrast to existing root image analysis tools that focus on root system-average traits, a novel, fully automated and robust approach for the detailed characterization of root traits, based on a graph optimization process is presented. The scheme, firstly, distinguishes primary r...

In this paper we propose two neural algorithms that can be considered a simplification and a generalization of the Differential Competitive Learning (DCL) neural network, respectively. Firstly, we suggest some simplifications for the original DCL model to eliminate redundant aspects of the competition mechanism. We get rid of the lateral connections arguing that it is possible because the winni...

objective(s) the objective of this study was to document and explain bilateral differences in the q angle. materials and methods two hundred limbs of healthy adult indian volunteers were studied. the q angle was measured using a goniometric method with the subjects supine, quadriceps relaxed and lower limbs in neutral rotation. the relative lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity with respec...

Objective(s) The objective of this study was to document and explain bilateral differences in the Q angle. Materials and Methods Two hundred limbs of healthy adult Indian volunteers were studied. The Q angle was measured using a goniometric method with the subjects supine, quadriceps relaxed and lower limbs in neutral rotation. The relative lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity with res...

A linkage-based chewing device is proposed to perform standardised chewing for use in food evaluation. The linkage for chewing is firstly specified in terms of the trajectory of the first molar and the chewing force, according to the in vivo measurements of the human chewing ranging from grinding (or lateral chewing) to crunching (or vertical chewing). A fourbar linkage is synthesized to achiev...

PURPOSE Surgical transfers of muscles are used to restore lateral pinch in tetraplegia; however, outcomes are variable. The purpose of this study was to compare activation of the brachioradialis (Br) after transfer to the flexor pollicis longus during maximum effort in its primary function (elbow flexion) with maximum effort in its postoperative function (lateral pinch) and to record Br activat...